Prevalence of poultry diseases in winter season in Chittagong and efficacy of challenge vaccine against Newcastle disease

Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana,Md Abu Sayeed,Md Harisul Abid,Md Saiful Bari,Nasima Akter

doi:10.3329/ralf.v5i2.38109

Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana, Md Abu Sayeed + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i2.38109

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Abstract

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of poultry diseases as well as the efficacy of challenge vaccine [ND killed (Lasota)] against Newcastle disease (ND) in commercial broiler and layer farms of Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA) during the period from December 2016 to February, 2017. A total of 134 birds were examined from 52 commercial broiler farms and 15 layer farms (two from each farm). The diseases of 67 farms were diagnosed based on the history, clinical signs and post-mortem findings and the efficacy of the ND killed (Lasota) vaccine was determined on the basis of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test before and after vaccination. Sixty blood samples (20 from each of 3 broiler farms) and 48 eggs (16 from each of 3 layer farms) were collected and HI tests were performed. Among the 67 farms, the prevalence of colibacillosis, salmonellosis, necrotic enteritis, Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, mycoplasmosis, brooder pneumonia and mixed infections of colibacillosis and coccidiosis were 11.94%, 4.48%, 7.46%, 8.95%, 16.42%, 7.46%, 5.95% and 7.46%, respectively. Due to vaccination with ND killed (Lasota) vaccine at initial stage of infection the mortality rate reduced to zero and HI titre of the broiler farms increased as 5.40 to 7.55, 4.6 to 7.25, 4.65 to 7.70 and in the layer farms as 4.56 to 7.13, 5.0 to 7.81, 4.93 to 8.13. Due to ND challenge vaccine the initial HI titre level significantly (p<0.05) varies from post HI titer level within both broiler and layer farms.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 201-208, August 2018

Highlights

The economy of Bangladesh is mainly agro based
Study population and period A total of 134 birds brought from different farms of Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA) to pathology laboratory, CVASU were examined from 52 commercial broiler farms and 15 layer farms
Coccidiosis was found to be prevalent in winter season at the level of 13.43%.The mixed infection of colibacillosis- coccidionsis (7.46%) were relatively higher in winter season than that of mycoplasmosis-colibacillosis (4.48%)

Summary

Introduction

The economy of Bangladesh is mainly agro based. About 21.77% of Gross Domestic products (GDP) come from agriculture sector of which livestock alone shares 7.23% (BBS, 2016). The total poultry population, both backyard and commercial, accounts to approximately 246 million, providing 5400 million pieces of eggs annually and nearly 22-27% of total animal protein (Raihan, and Mahmud, 2008) This sector employs about 5 million people of the country and has experienced a long-term growth rate of about 4.5%, which is one of the highest in the economy and is believed to have accomplished a silent revolution in Bangladesh (BLRI, 2008). The infection still occurs in Bangladesh every year in the form of epidemic and appears to cause up to 40-60% of the total mortality in poultry population creating one of the major problems in the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh (Sen et al, 2017) Since there is no available antiviral drug for treatment but in field condition ND killed vaccine used as challenge vaccine against ND during disease condition. Considering all the facts, the current study was carried out to reveal the prevalence of poultry diseases in winter seasons and efficacy of challenge vaccine against Newcastle disease in Chittagong region of Bangladesh

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