Prevalence of Positive Effects on Body Fat Percentage, Cardiovascular Parameters, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness after 10-Week High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents.

Jarosław Domaradzki,Marek Popowczak,Dawid Koźlenia

doi:10.3390/biology11030424

Jarosław Domaradzki, Marek Popowczak + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11030424

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Journal: Biology	Publication Date: Mar 10, 2022
Citations: 12	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw

Abstract

Simple SummaryIn this study, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of positive effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiovascular parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents. We investigated 52 boys and 89 girls from a secondary school, separated into an experimental group (EG) with HIIT intervention and a control group (CG). The measured parameters were body fat % (BFP), resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fitness index (FI). The results indicate that positive HIIT-induced changes in SBP, DBP, and FI were most common among boys, especially those with low body mass index. Our study also revealed relationships between changes in FI and BFP and BP parameters. The effectiveness of HIIT was confirmed concerning the prevalence of the positive changes in measured parameters. We suggest that HIIT should be implemented in PE lessons, although there is a need to look for a more efficient method for girls.Analysis of the interventions on cardiovascular disease risk factors focuses on quantitative changes, omitting assessment of positive effect frequency in individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of positive effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, cardiovascular parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness among adolescents. A total of 52 boys and 89 girls from a secondary school were separated into an experimental group (EG) with HIIT and a control group (CG). Body fat % (BFP), resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fitness index (FI) changes were calculated. We assessed the influence and interaction of three factors: intervention (INT), sex (SEX), and body mass index (BMIstatus) on the ratio of individuals with and without positive changes. We used log-linear models for interactions and multivariate correspondence analysis (MCA). The results indicate that HIIT affects the prevalence of positive changes in SBP, DBP, and FI. Interactions between factors suggest boys with low BMI get more benefit from the intervention than girls. The MCA indicates a relationship between FI and BFP and between BP parameters. The effectiveness of HIIT was confirmed concerning the prevalence of the positive changes in measured parameters. We suggest that HIIT should be implemented in PE lessons, although there is a need to look for a more efficient method for girls.

Highlights

Obesity, high blood pressure (BP), and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth are associated the premature cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in adulthood [1,2].The literature has reported the prevalence of obesity in almost every fourth child and youth in the Western world; elevated BP in 11.2% of adolescents from developing countries; and low levels of CRF, which has declined over the past six decades [3–5].There are strong associations between a high level of obesity, elevated BP, and lack of physical activity (PA) in children [6]
Given that this work focused on qualitative rather than quantitative measured parameters, there was no calculation of statistics assessing differences between groups of adolescents
The main findings were that 10-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) implemented in physical education (PE) lessons improved resting blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness and slightly reduced body fat, which was reflected in the prevalence of positive changes in experimental group (EG) compared to control group (CG)

Summary

Introduction

High blood pressure (BP), and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth are associated the premature cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in adulthood [1,2].The literature has reported the prevalence of obesity in almost every fourth child and youth in the Western world; elevated BP (reflected in pre- and hypertension) in 11.2% of adolescents from developing countries; and low levels of CRF, which has declined over the past six decades [3–5].There are strong associations between a high level of obesity, elevated BP, and lack of physical activity (PA) in children [6]. High blood pressure (BP), and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth are associated the premature cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in adulthood [1,2]. The literature has reported the prevalence of obesity in almost every fourth child and youth in the Western world; elevated BP (reflected in pre- and hypertension) in 11.2% of adolescents from developing countries; and low levels of CRF, which has declined over the past six decades [3–5]. There are strong associations between a high level of obesity, elevated BP, and lack of physical activity (PA) in children [6]. Epidemiological surveys demonstrated an increasing number of hypertension cases in youth linked to overweight/obesity in adolescents, those who are not physically active [7]. A global growth in the prevalence of physical inactivity can be observed. One of the greatest global challenges is to improve the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases [11]

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