Abstract
Groundwater pollution with pesticides is a problem that occurs all over the world as well as in Slovenia. Considering the past high loads of groundwater with pesticides, the purpose of the presented research was to determine the presence of pesticides in the groundwater of Krško-Brežiško polje in the period 2018-2019 and to check the applicability of the passive sampling method. A total of 21 groundwater samples were taken at 11 locations and 2 samples each in the Sava and Krka rivers. We identified 15 pesticides and their degradation products. Atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazine were most frequently determined in groundwater samples. They are followed by desethylterbutylazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor and simazine. Atrazine, desethylatrazine, chlortoluron, metolachlor and terbuthylazine were detected in surface water. A total of 24 samples were taken in groundwater and surface water using the qualitative passive sampling method. We singled out 8 pesticides that appear in two campaigns. The frequency and occurrence of individual pesticides by both methods are comparable. Passive sampling has proven to be an appropriate method of identifying the presence of pesticides. The highest loads in the Krško-Brežiško field arise from the agricultural land areas. Groundwater is more contaminated with pesticides in the central part of the field in the direction of groundwater flow from west to east. In the groundwater of the Krško-Brežice field, atrazine and desethylatrazine are still the most frequently detected pesticides with higher concentrations, despite a 20 years long ban on the use of atrazine-based plant protection products.
Highlights
Pesticidi so splošen izraz za kemična sredstva – kemična in biološka, ki se uporabljajo za uničevanje rastlinskih, živalskih škodljivcev in gliv, ki povzročajo različne bolezni
Izraz zajema glede na njihov namen rabe insekticide, herbicide, fungicide, nematicide itd
Obremenitve, ki vplivajo na kakovost podzemne vode Krško-Brežiškega polja prihajajo iz mešanih virov, tako iz razpršenih kot tudi iz točkovnih virov onesnaženja
Summary
Območje Krško-Brežiškega polja se nahaja na jugovzhodu Slovenije (sl. 1), na severu ga obdaja Bizeljsko, na jugu pa Gorjanci. Medzrnski vodonosnik kvartarne in neogenske starosti, se nahaja pod aluvialnimi nanosi rek Save in Krke ter njunih pritokov. Pesticide v podzemni vodi smo ugotavljali na območju Krško-Brežiškega polja v prvem, aluvialnem, medzrnskem vodonosniku kvartarne starosti. V tem času so bile določene vrednosti pH podzemne vode Krško-Brežiškega polja od 7,12 do 7,51 ter EC med 421 in 945 μS/ cm. Na območju vodonosnika Krško-Brežiškega polja ima podzemna voda dokaj različno električno prevodnost. Ki vpliva na električno prevodnost podzemnih vod na tem območju je vpliv napajanja podzemne vode iz reke Save. V primerjavi s podzemno vodo, katere izvor je infiltracija padavin na območju Krško-Brežiškega polja, ima podzemna voda z večjim deležem reke Save občutno nižjo električno prevodnost. V novembru 2018 je bila zabeležena nizka gladina podzemne vode, aprila 2019 pa je bila zabeležena visoka gladina podzemne vode glede na dolgoletna povprečja
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