Prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome in a tertiary centre at Kerala: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with periodontal disease. Aims: The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of periodontal diseases in female patients with PCOS in a tertiary centre at Kerala. Subjects and Methods: The study was held between December 2019 and December 2021 where a total of 320 female subjects in the age group of 20–35 years were included and among them 160 were PCOS diagnosed and 160 were healthy controls. Anthropometric and periodontal parameters were recorded and assessed among the groups. Statistical Analysis Used: Bivariate analysis between periodontal diseases and other covariant were done using Chi-square test. Those variables which were showing significant level up to 10% were taken to logistic regression model for estimating the adjusted risk for the periodontal diseases in PCOS patients. Results: In the PCOS group, 70 subjects (43.7%) were affected by gingivitis, 68 subjects (42.5%) were affected by mild periodontitis and 22 patients (13.7%) were diagnosed with moderate periodontitis. Gingivitis was observed in 153 subjects (95.6%) in the control group and mild periodontitis was only observed in 7 subjects (4.3%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We can conclude that a dental check-up should be made mandatory in the management protocol of PCOS and the gynaecologist should also play a pivotal role along with the periodontist in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease in PCOS patients.