Prevalence of Periodontal Disease among Obese Young Adult Population in Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Masood Ahmed,Karthiga Kannan S,Zoha Abdullah,Sara Ayid Alghamdi,Betsy Joseph,Julie Toby Thomas,Toby Thomas

doi:10.3390/medicina56040197

Masood Ahmed, Karthiga Kannan S + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56040197

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Abstract

Background and objectives: We aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease among obese young adults in Saudi Arabia and to analyze the association between different body mass indexes and the severity of periodontal disease. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study consisted of 307 obese patients aged 18–39 years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥30. Demographic variables for periodontal disease, anthropometric parameters such as BMI along with clinical parameters such as oral hygiene index-simplified, community periodontal index (CPI) score and loss of attachment (LOA), were assessed. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors for chronic periodontitis in obese young adults between 18–40 years of age. Results: The majority of the participants (71.3%) had periodontal disease. Obese and extremely obese patients together showed a statistically significant difference in the age group of 21-30 years in terms of CPI score for inflammation (p < 0.05) and LOA (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed age (OR: 3.180; 95%CL: 1.337–7.561; p <.001), occasional dental visit (OR: 5.965; 95%CL: 3.130–11.368; p < 0.001), smoking >10 cigarettes (OR: 11.868; 95%CL: 3.588–39.254; p < 0.001) and poor oral hygiene status (OR: 17.250; 95%CL: 6.958–42.764; p < 0.001) were associated with a significantly higher risk of having periodontal disease. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of periodontal disease in obese patients among the Saudi Arabian population.

Highlights

Obesity is becoming an alarming global concern in developing countries, especially in SaudiArabia
Obesity can trigger an immune response by producing cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-1, initiating an acute immune response, further suggesting the possibility to induce inflammatory responses inducing a progression of periodontal disease [21]
This study demonstrates that most obese young adults had periodontal disease, while age, occasional dental visit, smoking >10 cigarettes, and poor oral hygiene were associated with a significantly higher risk of having periodontal disease

Summary

Introduction

We aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease among obese young adults in Saudi Arabia and to analyze the association between different body mass indexes and the severity of periodontal disease. Obese and extremely obese patients together showed a statistically significant difference in the age group of 21-30 years in terms of CPI score for inflammation (p < 0.05) and LOA (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed age (OR: 3.180; 95%CL: 1.337–7.561; p 10 cigarettes (OR: 11.868; 95%CL: 3.588–39.254; p < 0.001) and poor oral hygiene status (OR: 17.250; 95%CL: 6.958–42.764; p < 0.001) were associated with a significantly higher risk of having periodontal disease. Conclusions: This study showed a high prevalence of periodontal disease in obese patients among the Saudi Arabian population

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