Prevalence of peri-implant mucositis

Paulo Sérgio Gomes Henriques,Ana Elisa Amaro Rodrigues,Daiane Cristina Peruzzo,Nathália Trevensolli,Luciana Satie Okajima

doi:10.1590/1981-8637201600030000103009

Paulo Sérgio Gomes Henriques, Ana Elisa Amaro Rodrigues + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-8637201600030000103009

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis, as well as hygiene care around implants and the correlation between keratinized gingiva and probing depth around implants. Methods: The study consisted of 107 dental implants of 24 patients treated at Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic who were evaluated for the presence of bleeding, presence of keratinized gingiva and implant placement time. Moreover, demographic data and oral hygiene methods used in the area of implants were obtained. Results: The prevalence of mucositis in this population was 81.31% of the implants. The average percentage of bleeding score was 29.91%. Of the 107 implants, 52.34% had keratinized tissue. Regarding the use of interproximal tooth cleaning, 43% of patients used dental floss, 26.71% used interdental brush and 20.56% used single brush. It was observed only a weak negative correlation between marginal bleeding and presence of keratinized tissue (p <0.001, r = -0.27). Conclusion: It can be observed a high prevalence of mucositis around the implants, which highlights the need for professionals' greater awareness about oral hygiene guidance and health promotion encouragement in patients receiving dental implant rehabilitation, as well as more studies to investigate the real role of keratinized tissue around implants.

Highlights

Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible inflammation, limited only to the soft tissues around the implant[1] and it is caused by dental biofilm accumulation[2,3]
It can be observed a high prevalence of mucositis around the implants, which highlights the need for professionals’ greater awareness about oral hygiene guidance and health promotion encouragement in patients receiving dental implant rehabilitation, as well as more studies to investigate the real role of keratinized tissue around implants
The following data was recorded in each patient’s medical report: a) clinical history and demographics; b) presence or absence of bleeding in the periimplant margin, according to Bleeding Index probing by Ainamo & Bay[20], in which the mean bleeding percentage was obtained using the number of surfaces with marginal bleeding, divided by the total number of surfaces present; c) presence and absence of keratinized tissue; d) features concerning the patient’s oral hygiene care related to the area of the implant such as flossing and the use of interdental and single brushes

Summary

Introduction

Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible inflammation, limited only to the soft tissues around the implant[1] and it is caused by dental biofilm accumulation[2,3]. In 2015, Derks & Tomasi[8] conducted a systematic review reporting percentage 19-65%, with average values of 42.9% for meta-analysis of studies These often asymptomatic diseases present slow development and their late resolution can normally be quite complex and end up in doubtful prognosis[9]. The progression of mucositis can develop into a peri-implantitis, in which the inflammation extends progressively and rapidly through the peri-implant tissues, since they present less efficient defense mechanisms than periodontal tissues[10]. This deficiency is largely due to lack of the periodontal ligament and a reduced number of fibroblasts and blood vessels[11]. The soft tissue sealing, which typically consists of a narrow strip of circular fibers holding the tissues around the implants[6], when exposed to bacterial attack causes loosening of this sealing likely resulting in peri-implant infection and leading to the apical migration of the epithelium below the boneinterface implant[7]

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