Abstract
abstract It is important to know about overweight and obesity situation of Brazilian children and adolescents. The present study aims to update scientific production, through a systematic review, on the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents. Nine databases were verified, and 1,316 references were examined from 2018 to 2019. The electronic search was conducted by three independent researchers. All review steps followed a strategy based on PRISMA. 40 studies were included in this systematic review. Most studies use the World Health Organization classification criteria. The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian children and adolescents varies from 8.8% to 22.2% (boys: 6.2% to 21%; girls: 6.9% to 27.6%). The prevalence of obesity varied from 3.8% to 24% (boys: 2.4% to 28.9%; girls: 1.6% to 19.4%). It was observed that the socioeconomic factors (sex, skin color, economic level, region, mother's educational level, living in a rented house and without access to the internet), hereditary/genetic (family history of dyslipidemia and overweight and rs9939609 genotype) and behavioral (physical activity, screen time, eating habits, perceived body weight, health vulnerability, presence of a result close to home, alcoholic beverages, cigarette consumption) were associated with the outcome. It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian children and adolescents are worrisome and most of the factors associated with the outcomes are subject to change from the adoption of a healthy lifestyle.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity have been presented as one of the biggest problem public health face worldwide, mainly due to the increase in their prevalence observed in recent years in different age groups[1]
The present study aimed to update scientific production, through a systematic review, on the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian children and adolescents
Most studies (80%) used the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) to determine overweight/ obesity, 12.5% used the cutoff points of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), 5% used the criteria of Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and a study used the national cutoffs of Conde and Monteiro
Summary
Overweight and obesity have been presented as one of the biggest problem public health face worldwide, mainly due to the increase in their prevalence observed in recent years in different age groups[1]. In children and adolescents (5 to 19 years old), from 1975 to 2016, an increase of more than four times (from 4% to 18%) was observed in the prevalence of obesity[1]. The global epidemic of obesity in childhood and adolescence remains one of the greatest global health challenges[1]. The knowledge of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, as well as the identification of the groups most exposed to this outcome are extremely relevant, because the earlier the interventions in these specific groups occur, the impact and the permanence of this condition in adulthood can be avoided or mitigated. It has been observed that the treatment of obesity in adulthood has been burdensome, and the problem becomes even more worrying since obese children are five times more likely to remain with this status in adulthood when compared to non-obese children[4]
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