Prevalence of Ocular Changes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Abstract

Objective: The aim was to study the correlation of grade of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) with retinal changes in PIH. Materials & Methods: A total of 50 patients were observed for correlation of the grade of PIH with retinal changes in PIH on fundus examination. All the patients admitted with diagnosis of PIH were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the grade of PIH, i.e., mild and severe. Retinal changes in the form of attenuation of arterioles, AV crossing changes, hemorrhages or exudates were reported. These changes were observed from 24th to 34th week of gestation. Parameters like age, gestation period, gravida, BP and proteinuria were documented. After taking history of any ocular symptoms, fundus examination under mydriasis was done with direct ophthalmoscope in the ward itself. Findings were noted on a data sheet. Results: A total of 50 patients of PIH were examined. Mean age of patient was 29.5±3 years (21–38 years). Gestation period ranges from 25 and 36 weeks in which 34 (68%) patients were primigravida. 30 (60%) had mild PIH, 20 (40%) had severe PIH. Retinal changes (hypertensive retinopathy) were noted in 13 (26%) patients. A positive correlation was observed between grade of PIH and retinal changes. Most changes are observed in severe PIH. Conclusion: Grade of PIH from 24th to 34th week of gestational age can be used as an indication in assessment of retinal changes. Fundus examination helps in assessing the severity of PIH.