Prevalence of Obesity, Diabetes and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Andalusia (Southern Spain). Comparison With National Prevalence Data. The Di@bet.es Study

Abstract

Introduction and objectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the prevalences of obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in the region of Andalusia with those in the rest of Spain. MethodsThe Di@bet.es study is a national, cross-sectional, population-based survey of cardiometabolic risk factors and their association with lifestyle. The sample consisted of 5103 participants ≥ 18 years. The variables analyzed were clinical, demographic and lifestyle survey, physical examination, and oral glucose tolerance test. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Andalusia (n=1517) was compared with that for the rest of Spain (n=3586). ResultsIn data adjusted to the Spanish population, the prevalence of diabetes (World Health Organization, 1999), hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90mmHg), high-sensitivity CRP levels (≥ 3mg/L) and obesity (body mass index ≥ 30kg/m2) were 16.3%, 43.9%, 32.0%, and 37.0% in Andalusia compared with 12.5%, 39.9%, 28.3%, and 26.6% in the rest of Spain (P<.001 for differences except P=.01 for the difference in high-sensitivity CRP levels). The corresponding figures for the Andalusia data adjusted to the Andalusian population were 15.3%, 42.3%, 31.4%, and 34.0%, respectively. Differences in diabetes, hypertension and high-sensitivity CRP were not significant in models adjusted for age, sex, and adiposity measurements. Differences in obesity were not significant in models adjusted for age, sex, educational level, marital status, work status, and physical activity (P=.086) ConclusionsThis study contributes information from a national study perspective and shows a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in southern Spain, in close relation to obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and markers of socioeconomic disadvantage.