Abstract
Objective: To determine the incidence of the main risk factors and also the prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) in relation to sex and age. Methodology: The literature search was conducted using the keywords and MeSH terms “Tooth Cervix”, “Non carious cervical lesions” and “Tooth Wear”, in the MEDLINE databases via PubMed and Scopus. Observational studies were included, which aimed to assess the relationship between sex, age and risk factors with cervical injuries. In addition, only studies in English, from the last five years, in their full version, were selected. Literature reviews, clinical cases, studies that did not include the main observation, studies that deviated from the topic and in other languages were excluded from the research. Results: 441 articles were identified, of which 17 were selected. There was no significant percentage difference between males and females, with percentages of 49% and 51%, respectively. Regarding the prevalence associated with the age group, a higher incidence was observed in the population over 65 years of age (36%). Regarding risk factors, gastroesophageal reflux, parafunctional habits, occlusal disorders and brushing problems were reported, but the acidic diet was the most incident in the literature (in 76.4% of the selected articles). Conclusion: The prevalence of NCCL increases with age, however it does not depend on sex, with an acidic diet being considered a risk factor.
Highlights
The cervical region is considered a fragile area of the tooth, since it has a fine enamel structure, with a lower content of minerals and a greater amount of proteins (Bhundia et al, 2019), facilitating the occurrence of tooth decay of lesions that generate the irreversible loss of tooth structure near the cementoenamel junction (Teixeira et al, 2018)
While cervical carious lesions are caused by processes that involve microorganisms, non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) have a non-bacterial multifactorial etiological cause (Aw et al, 2002), with combinations of friction, abrasion, biocorrosion and occlusal stress (Grippo et al, 2012)
321 records were excluded because they did not meet the primary inclusion criteria, leaving 48 articles. These full texts were evaluated for eligibility, and 31 articles were excluded based on inclusion and exclusion criteria
Summary
The cervical region is considered a fragile area of the tooth, since it has a fine enamel structure, with a lower content of minerals and a greater amount of proteins (Bhundia et al, 2019), facilitating the occurrence of tooth decay of lesions that generate the irreversible loss of tooth structure near the cementoenamel junction (Teixeira et al, 2018). This area coincides with the fulcrum area of occlusal forces, a factor that contributes to the appearance of morphologically distinct lesions (Bhundia, et al, 2019). It is seen that enamel hydroxyapatite crystals rupture due to increased stress of occlusal origin (Grippo et al, 2012; Yoshizaki et al, 2017)
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