Prevalence of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Patients in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients in Southeast Asia and explore associated factors. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in relevant databases. Studies reporting on the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and post-traumatic depression in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients in Southeast Asia were included. Data were extracted and analysed to determine the prevalence rates and associated factors. Results: A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings revealed a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms among COVID-19 patients in Southeast Asia. Fatigue was reported by approximately 43.3% of patients during active COVID-19 infection and 45.1-54% in the post-COVID-19 phase. Anxiety affected 14.3-28.1% of COVID-19 patients, with comorbidities and severity being closely associated. Depression was prevalent in 3.6-38.7% of COVID-19 patients, with healthcare workers showing a higher prevalence. Sleep disturbances were reported in approximately 16.1% of post-COVID-19 individuals. Various factors such as age, gender, quarantine duration, and socioeconomic status were identified as potential contributors to these symptoms. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and post-traumatic depression, are prevalent among COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients in Southeast Asia. These symptoms have a significant impact on patients' lives and warrant attention in clinical management. Further research is needed, particularly in the ASEAN region, to better understand these symptoms, explore gender differences, and develop effective management strategies. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of early detection and holistic treatment that addresses both physical and psychological symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Funding: This research is supported by the International Medical University Joint Committee on Ethics and Research (IMU-JC). Conflicts of Interest: No conflicts of interest.