Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Female Cashew Nut Shelling Workers

Abstract

Background: Cashew nut shelling is characterised by awkward working posture, repetitive hand/wrist motions, as well as long hours of standing work. This may lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of MSDs and related risk factors among female cashew nut shelling workers (CNSWs) in Indian cashew factories. Methods: Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from 102 female CNSWs. Nine different body parts were evaluated using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Severity of pain in these body parts was also assessed using 5-point pain rating scale. Current working postures of these female CNSWs were examined using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method. Results: Prevalence of MSDs reported by the female CNSWs was high (84.3%). Most commonly affected body parts were the knees (63.7%), lower back (62.7%), shoulders (58.8%) and hands/wrists (50.0%). The mean pain severities of female CNSWs who had knees, lower back, shoulders, and hands/wrists complaints were moderate to high (i.e., 3–4 on 5-point scale). The REBA working posture evaluation indicated that level of exposure to musculoskeletal risk was moderate to high (at action levels 2 and 3), which indicates necessary investigation and change in current working postures of female CNSWs in order to avoid further risk. Conclusion: The present study has shown that the female CNSWs in Indian cashew factories are at a risk of MSDs. Future studies, including direct exposure ergonomics assessment methods are strongly suggested.