Prevalence of Modifiable Risk Factors among Stroke Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: A stroke can either be modifiable or non-modifiable triggered by various risk factors. Globally, modifiable stroke could ignite in the form of diabetes, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and various heart diseases Aim: The present study intended to evaluate the prevalence of modifiable risk factors in stroke patients Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 182 stroke patients admitted to the Medicine Department of TCH name from January 2021 to October 2021. Clinically diagnosed stroke patients of age 20 years or above confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. Demographic details, previous medical history, and concerns investigation were gathered in pre-designed proforma. For data analysis, SPSS version 20 was used Results: The overall mean age of the 182stroke patients was 58.43±9.45 years with an age range from 20 years to 85years. Of the total 182 patients, 104 (57.1%) were male and 78 (42.9%) were female. The male to female ratio was 1.33:1. The prevalence of stroke types such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral infraction, and intracerebral hemorrhages was 4.5%, 58.4%, and 37.1% respectively. The incidence of risk factors such as ischemic heart disease, previous stroke, high cholesterol levels, smoking history, diabetes, and hypertension was 11 (6.04%), 18 (9.9%), 24 (13.2%), 33 (18.1%),38 (20.9%), and 113 (62.1%) respectively Conclusion: Our study found that hypertension is the major modifiable risk factor for stroke development followed by other risk factors such as diabetes, higher cholesterol levels, smoking history, and ischemic heart diseases. Also, it has been observed that stroke prevention is better than cure by identifying various risk factors and initiation of stroke prevention education. Controlling modifiable risk factors mitigate the mortality rate among stroke patients. Keywords: Ischemic Stroke; Modifiable Risk factors; Hemorrhagic Stroke