Prevalence of microorganisms associated with Pelvic inflammatory disease in reproductive aged women in Onitsha North, Anambra state, Nigeria

Eze E.M,Unegbu V.N,Ezebialu C.U,Nneji I.R

doi:10.21608/nrmj.2018.22707

Abstract

The prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and its associated microbes among reproductive aged women in Onitsha north, Anambra state, Nigeria, were investigated. A total of 500 reproductive aged women between the ages of 10 - 50 years were examined; where 300 of them showed positive results. A total of 640 microorganisms were isolated. Nine (9) microbial genera were recovered consisting of seven bacterial genera; one yeast sp. and one protozoan isolate. Monomicrobial growth was recorded in 53 (7.17%), polymicrobial growth in 23 (7.7%) and bacterio-fungal growth in 10 cases (33%). Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 150 (50%) cases; followed by Escherichia coli 125 (41.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes 15 (5%), Klebsiella pneumonia 55 (18.3%), Proteus mirabilis 25 (8.3 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 64 (21.3%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae 62 (20.7%), Candida albicans 56 (18.7%), and Trichomonas vaginalis 88 (29.3%), respectively. Frequency of occurrence was predominant with the age groups of 21-30 and 31-40 years; conversely was least in ages of 10-20 and those age >51 years; respectively. There was significant statistical difference between microbial infection and the age-group (p < 0.05). PID is a major public health problem, thus needs to be prevented and controlled.

Highlights

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a polymicrobial infection and inflammatory disorder of the upper female genital tract; that primarily affects young sexually active women
Cervical mucus provides a functional barrier against upward spread of microbes; the efficacy of this barrier may be decreased by vaginal inflammation and by hormonal changes that occur during ovulation and menstruation (Ehoton-Vlasak, 2000)
Specimens were inoculated on Nutrient agar (NA), Blood agar (BA), Thayer Martin agar medium, Chocolate agar and Sabouraud Dextrose agar (SDA) plates using spread plate method (Cheesbrough, 2006)

Summary

Introduction

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a polymicrobial infection and inflammatory disorder of the upper female genital tract; that primarily affects young sexually active women. These disorders may include; cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, parametritis, oophoritis, tubo-ovarian abscess (Banikarim, 2005; Crossman, 2006), and pelvic peritonitis (Buchan et al, 1993). According to Audu, (2004), the first stage was acquisition of a vaginal or cervical infection; which was often sexually transmitted and may be asymptomatic. Cervical mucus provides a functional barrier against upward spread of microbes; the efficacy of this barrier may be decreased by vaginal inflammation and by hormonal changes that occur during ovulation and menstruation (Ehoton-Vlasak, 2000)

Objectives

Methods

Results