Prevalence of Microalbuminuria among Rural North Indian Population with Diabetes Mellitus and its Correlation with Glycosylated Haemoglobin and Smoking.

Abstract

Macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus are a consequence of metabolic derangement mainly hyperglycemia. Diabetic nephropathy being one of them causes end stage renal disease. Hence, to detect renal involvement, microalbuminuria can be considered as an early marker. To study mean albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with respect to HbA1c, duration of diabetes and smoking. Two hundred cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and 100 controls, age and sex matched were included in this study and measured for spot urinary albumin, spot urinary creatinine, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c. It was observed that mean ACR was significantly elevated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as compared to the controls. Mean ACR increases in diabetics with poor glycemic control, duration of diabetes and smoking. The early detection of microalbumin in diabetics can significantly reduce the progression of renal complications and before the development of proteinuria.