Prevalence of micro albuminuria and diagnostic accuracy of urine dipstick for the screening of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients

Abstract

Abstract Diabetic nephropathy can be early diagnosed by the detection of micro albuminuria in spot urine sample. Microalbuminuria can strongly predict the progression of renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy among high risk population. Hypertension is a major factor which doubles the risk of renal failures. Urine dipstick method is a frequently used way for screening and evaluation of microalbuminuria so as to detect the early symptoms of diabetic nephropathy. In this background, a case control study of total 200 subjects were studied. The patient reports were diagnosed with HbA1c levels, systolic and diastolic BP, blood sugar level and other renal parameters were recorded and compared with micro albuminuria levels. Diagnostic performance of the dip stick was expressed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value) and NPV (negative predictive value). The statistical analysis was carried out using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rate of microalbuminuria was higher in females when compared with males. There is no association of sex, HbA1c, diastolic bp, FBS with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus male subjects. The area under ROC curve for UACR (urine albumin/creatinine ratio) was 0.92 in mcroalbuminuria (p Urine dipstick method can be used for the detection of diabetic nephropathy at an early stage. It has a good diagnostic accuracy when compared with the other expensive instruments. The prevalence rate of micro albuminuria was found to be 75% for the overall population, wherein the rate was significantly higher in the case of females (41.5%) when compared to males (33.5%).