Prevalence of Methicillin Resistance S.aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin Resistance S.aureus (VRSA) among Iraqi Patients: a Comparative Study

Abstract

It is clear from this study the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin in different regions of Iraq. According to this study, which was conducted in the Iraqi city of Tikrit, on 285 samples, 131 of them were infected with various bacterial infections, of whom only 80% were infected with S. aureus bacteria. According to the chemical tests, including the DNA test (PCR) for the Staphylococcus bacteria isolates, the sensitivity of the isolates under study against a group of different antibiotics was tested by using the disc diffusion method. Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol (30, 28, 23, 22, and 21 mm), respectively, for all samples under study, while the percentage of bacteria resistance to Methicillin was 100%, while the percentage of Staphylococcus resistance to Vancomycin was 70% for all samples under study, where it was recorded The rate of inhibition reached (13 mm). As a result of the investigation on resistance genes, it was found that most of the virulence genes are present in methicillin-resistant samples, while the virulence genes in the Vancomycin-resistant samples recorded two types of genes, namely (Van A) and (Van B), which are responsible for building the cell wall protein. A) In samples isolated from bacterial strains, the percentages of (Van B) gene were higher. By conducting a comparison with some studies in some Iraqi cities, it was found that 71% of the isolates were resistant to Vancomycin in the city of Hilla out of a total of 200 infected isolates, and the city of Baghdad recorded infections estimated at 66.6% resistant to Vancomycin out of a total of 250 infected samples. 50% of the 20 samples infected with S. aureus, Finally, the city of Kirkuk recorded a percentage of Vancomycin resistance to isolates of S. aureus bacteria 100%, and it is also clear that all isolates in all Iraqi cities were 100% Methacillin resistant.