Abstract
BackgroundObesity is a substantial risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Epidemiologic studies have shown that some obese and overweight individuals are metabolically healthy. We aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW), and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) in a southern coastal area of Iran, Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort Study.MethodsThis population-based study included the participants of BKNCD, as part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN). Metabolic health was defined as not fulfilling the metabolic syndrome (MetS) criteria.ResultsAmong the 3917 participants in this study with the mean age of 48.29 ± 9.39 years, including 1691 (43.2%) males, the age- and sex-standardized prevalence of MUO, MUOW, and MUNW was 13.9, 16.8, and 6.4%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the adjusted odds of all metabolically unhealthy states were higher in older age groups, except for MUO whose adjusted odds were lower in the 65–70 age group compared to the 55–64 age group. Illiteracy was significantly correlated with MUOW (adjusted OR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.09–1.87, P = 0.010); however, it was not associated with MUO or MUNW. Higher body mass index (BMI) was significantly correlated with MUNW but it was not associated with MUOW or MUO. Higher waist circumference (WC) was also significantly associated with all metabolically unhealthy states.ConclusionThe age- and sex-standardized prevalence of MUO, MUOW, and MUNW was 13.9, 16.8, and 6.4%, respectively in the current study. Advanced age and higher WC were significantly correlated with all metabolically unhealthy states, while illiteracy and higher BMI were only associated with MUOW and MUNW, respectively. Metabolic health rather than weight loss should be the focus and objective of public prevention programs.
Highlights
Obesity is a major concern worldwide and epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity is an independent risk factor for many diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep apnea, hypertension, stroke, and several types of cancer [1,2,3], some individuals are metabolically healthy despite being obese
Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the adjusted odds of all metabolically unhealthy states were higher in older age groups, except for metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) whose adjusted odds were lower in the 65–70 age group compared to the 55–64 age group
Illiteracy was significantly correlated with metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW); it was not associated with MUO or metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW)
Summary
Obesity is a major concern worldwide and epidemiological evidence suggests that obesity is an independent risk factor for many diseases including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep apnea, hypertension, stroke, and several types of cancer [1,2,3], some individuals are metabolically healthy despite being obese. This is called metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), which is defined by the absence of metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in individuals with body mass index (BMI) within the obesity range [4,5,6]. We aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW), and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) in a southern coastal area of Iran, Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Diseases (BKNCD) Cohort Study
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
