Abstract
To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients using WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and the new Harmonized definitions, and the concordance between these definitions. This study involved 313 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at two Malaysian tertiary hospitals. Socio-demographic data were assessed using a pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were carried out according to standard protocols. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were examined. Kappa (k) statistics were used for the agreement between the four MetS definitions. The overall prevalence rates of MetS (95% CI) were 95.8% (93.6-98.1), 96.1% (94.0-98.3), 84.8% (80.8-88.9) and 97.7% (96.1-99.4) according to the WHO, NCEP ATP III, IDF and the Harmonized definitions, respectively. The Kappa statistics demonstrated a slight to substantial agreement between the definitions (k = 0.179-0.875, p k = 0.875, p hest specificity (100%) in identifying MetS. In conclusion, the new Harmonized criteria established the highest prevalence of MetS among the four definitions applied. There was a very good concordance between the WHO and NCEP ATP III criteria. The extremely high prevalence of MetS observed in type 2 diabetic patients indicates an impending pandemic of CVD risk in Malaysia. Aggressive treatment of MetS components is required to reduce cardiovascular risk in T2DM.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that often co-exist and would lead to a marked increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Metabolic syndrome is common in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and significantly more common in patients with T2DM than in those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) [12,13,14]
Metabolic syndrome was found to be relatively common in type 2 diabetic patients as demonstrated by the alarmingly high prevalence documented using World Health Organization (WHO), NCEP ATP III, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the new Harmonized criteria
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that often co-exist and would lead to a marked increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Tan et al / Health 5 (2013) 1689-1696 risk attributable to the syndrome has been observed to exceed the sum of the risk from each of the separate components [8,15]. It becomes a great burden on public health and clinical practice [16]
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