Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to six definitions and evaluate the agreement between them in an urban sample in Qazvin, Iran. In a cross sectional study, 529 men and 578 women in age of 20-78 years were attended from September 2010 to April 2011 in Qazvin, Iran. Standardized measurements were available for waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. The diagnostic criteria proposed by World Health Organization (WHO), National cholesterol education program third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII 2001, 2004), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI), and new Joint Interim Societies (JIS) were applied. The degree of agreement between different definitions was assessed by kappa statistic. The prevalence of MS was found to be 28% (WHO), 26.2% (ATPIII 2001), 30.6% (ATPIII 2004), 34.2% (IDF), 33% (AHA/NHLBI), and 39.3% (JIS). With regards to the gender, the prevalence of MS according to ATPIII 2001 and IDF was significantly greater in women than men. However, using other definitions, the prevalence of MS was similar in both genders. The agreement of JIS criteria with IDF and AHA/NHLBI definitions was excellent (IDF: 0.902; AHA/NHLBI: 0.862), while the agreement of IDF criteria with ATPIII 2004 and AHA/NHLBI was good (ATPIII 2004:0.719; AHA/NHLBI: 0.756). Although JIS definition resulted in a higher prevalence of MS than other definitions, an excellent agreement has been seen between these criteria. Widespread acceptance of JIS definition may lead to management and therapy in a greater part of the population.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) with metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and hypertension [1,2]
Seven studies investigating associations between fish consumption and MetS were included in this review
The results suggest that fish consumption may have a preventive role in MetS development and possibly improve metabolic health, this protective role might be gender-related
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) with metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and hypertension [1,2]. Several definitions and diagnostic criteria for MetS have been proposed, the latest by the new Joint Interim Societies (JIS) [2]. MetS has been associated with a doubling of CVD risk as well as a 5-fold increased risk of DM2 [3]. The syndrome affects public health, and the increased risk of morbidity and mortality is profound [4]. Consumption of fish has been identified as a protective factor against several types of disease. Over the past decades a considerable amount of literature has been
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