Abstract
BackgroundThe utilization of neck circumference (NC) as a valuable tool to evaluate metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still unclear. MetS has been extensively reported worldwide mainly due to the increasing trend of central obesity and the risk of developing coronary artery disease. In Pakistan, its incidence is reported to be between 18% and 49% among the urban population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan; in total, 392 patients (body mass index [BMI] >23 kg/m2, age ≥18 years, both genders) were recruited through consecutive sampling, and informed consent was obtained.ResultsThe majority of patients were females (n = 344, 87.8%), and the mean ± SD of age and NC of all patients was 50.5 ± 9.6 years and 38 ± 4.6 cm, respectively. The majority (n = 375, 95.7%) of patients were found to have MetS, with 90% of both males and females having NC ≥38 cm and 34 cm, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of MetS was found to be very high in overweight and obese patients. Moreover, the majority of patients with MetS were found to have higher NC.
Highlights
The burden of overweight and obesity has been increasing substantially affecting almost 30% of the entire world population [1]
According to the report of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to risk factors associated with the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have dramatically increased over the past two decades [9]
The National Nutrition Health Survey (2018) of Pakistan reported a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents, young adults, and women of reproductive age [19]
Summary
The burden of overweight and obesity has been increasing substantially affecting almost 30% of the entire world population [1]. There are several criteria for diagnosing MetS, of which the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) are the most widely used criteria in Pakistan due to their reliability [5,6]. According to these criteria, the prevalence of MetS in Pakistan over the last decade is reported to be 35% to 64% [7,8]. In Pakistan, its incidence is reported to be between 18% and 49% among the urban population
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