Abstract
BackgroundGlobally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is higher among patients with schizophrenia than the general population, and this leads to higher morbidity and mortality in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate the MetS prevalence among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of 200 patients with schizophrenia recruited from Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Lipid profile and blood glucose levels were measured using Roche Cobas 6000 clinical chemistry analyzer. The prevalence of MetS was assessed based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Patients’ demographic information, clinical and laboratory data, lifestyle habits, particularly smoking and Khat chewing, were evaluated vis-à-vis MetS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MetS in patients with schizophrenia was 21.5% (17.1% male, 29.6% female) where Low HDL-cholesterol value was the most common metabolic disorders components in both males and females subgroups. In the multivariate analysis, the positive and negative symptoms score (PANSS, AOR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.001–1.054) was associated factors with MetS.ConclusionIn Ethiopia, patients with schizophrenia were found to have higher prevalence of MetS than the general population. Physicians/health care providers should routinely screen patients with schizophrenia for MetS and initiate timely management of those who develop the syndrome to reduce the health cost from caring for NCDs, improve the patients’ quality of life, and prevent premature mortality.
Highlights
Schizophrenia is one of severe mental disorder that affects 1% of the total population globally and is accompanied by serious functional impairments [1]
Schizophrenia is a life-threatening disease associated with mortality rates that are two to three times higher than those expected/observed in the general population [3], and in a study in Ethiopia based on a 5 years follow up, up to six fold increase in overall mortality has been reported [4]
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), known as” Insulin Resistance Syndrome” or “Syndrome X”, comprises several clinical aspects attributable to a higher than normal risk of developing diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which is characterized by high fasting blood glucose and high triglycerides concentrations, low level of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and high waist circumference [10]
Summary
Schizophrenia is one of severe mental disorder that affects 1% of the total population globally and is accompanied by serious functional impairments [1]. Schizophrenia is a life-threatening disease associated with mortality rates that are two to three times higher than those expected/observed in the general population [3], and in a study in Ethiopia based on a 5 years follow up, up to six fold increase in overall mortality has been reported [4]. Challa et al BMC Psychiatry (2021) 21:620 patients suffering from schizophrenia have been referred as significant contributing factors for a higher than normal risk of developing CVDs, constellation of clinical findings that identify the metabolic syndrome [9]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is higher among patients with schizophrenia than the general population, and this leads to higher morbidity and mortality in this population.
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