Abstract
Introduction: Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need varies according to different region based on ethnic diversity.Objective: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need amongst patients visiting College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study based on WHO-Oral Health Survey Basic Methods using Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe and mouth mirror was conducted. The malocclusion based on Angle’s classification, overjet, overbite, open bite, crowding, spacing and cross bites were recorded. Dental Health Components (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was recorded. The frequency distribution was calculated and chi square test was used to assess the gender difference.Result: The prevalence of normal occlusion was 5.8%, Angle’s Class I malocclusion was 67.9%, Class II was 19.5% and Class III was 6.8%. Crowding (51.07%) was more common malocclusion trait than spacing (24.46%). There were no significant differences in distribution of various occlusal traits between male and female subjects. Orthodontic treatment need based on DHC showed: 19.40% were in definite/extreme need of treatment (Grade 4/5), 21.93% had borderline need (Grade 3) and 58.67% had no/ little need of treatment (Grade 1/2).Conclusion: Angle’s Class I was the most common malocclusion trait (67.9%) followed by anterior crowding (51.07%). 19.40% patients visiting the teaching hospital in Pokhara are in definite or extreme need of orthodontic treatment
Highlights
Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need varies according to different region based on ethnic diversity
There were no significant differences in distribution of various occlusal traits between male and female subjects
Prevalence of malocclusion and the treatment needs have been established in few regions of Nepal.[7,8,9,10]
Summary
Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need varies according to different region based on ethnic diversity. Prevalence of malocclusion and the need of orthodontic treatment are deemed important and included in national health surveys in various countries.[1,2,3] The major etiology of malocclusion is attributed to genetic, racial and environmental factors.[4] Malocclusion has been shown to affect the person psychologically, reducing the self-esteem and resulting in fewer opportunities in life.[5]. Various methods are used to assess orthodontic treatment need; while Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is most commonly used to assess occlusal traits.[6]. Prevalence of malocclusion and the treatment needs have been established in few regions of Nepal.[7,8,9,10] Few prevalence studies of malocclusion were done in Western region of Nepal but the need for orthodontic treatment has not been established.[11,12] the objective of this study is to assess prevalence of various malocclusion traits and to evaluate the orthodontic treatment need based on DHC of IOTN among the patients visiting Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara
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