Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in Indonesia due to population growth, urbanization, and lifestyle. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease that escalates mortality rate, but not all DM develop into chronic kidney disease.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of kidney dysfunction (KD) in DM and the associated dominant risk factors among productive age Indonesian based on the National Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2013.MethodsThe statistical data consisted of 15,791 females and 10,349 males, aged 20 to 54, who lived in rural and urban areas. The data was obtained from National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD), Ministry of Health. Data were collected from 33 provinces using cross sectional method. The variables data analyzed were sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood glucose, and creatinine. Kidney dysfunction was defined according to Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the dominant associated risk factors.ResultsThe prevalence of KD in DM was 4% (CI 95% 3.1–5.1) and only 0.6% had been diagnosed. Many associated risk factors could affect DM leading to KD such as age, sex, rural, economic status, sugary food/drinks, salty food, coffee, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL, high LDL, and hypertriglyceridemia. The dominant associated risk factors were age, sex, economic status, sugary food/drinks, and low HDL.ConclusionThe prevalence of KD in DM among productive age Indonesian was 4% and only 0.6% had been diagnosed. Early detection of identification of KD in DM is needed in order to slow progression and complications. The dominant associated risk factors of KD in DM were age, sex, economic status, sugary food/drinks, and low HDL. Controlling of risk factors in DM should be done in order to prevent diabetic kidney disease.
Highlights
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in Indonesia due to population growth, urbanization, and lifestyle
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of kidney dysfunction (KD) in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated dominant risk factors in productive age Indonesian based on the National Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2013
Prevalence of KD in DM was higher in urban than in rural area, but prevalence of KD in undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (UDDM) was higher in rural than urban. Those who graduated from junior/ senior high school had higher prevalence of KD in UDDM compared to those who graduated from primary school or not graduated
Summary
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing in Indonesia due to population growth, urbanization, and lifestyle. Aims To estimate the prevalence of kidney dysfunction (KD) in DM and the associated dominant risk factors among productive age Indonesian based on the National Health Survey (Riskesdas) 2013. Methods The statistical data consisted of 15,791 females and 10,349 males, aged 20 to 54, who lived in rural and urban areas. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in Indonesia due to population growth, urbanization, and lifestyle. Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem as it increases the mortality risk for any cause [5]. In Indonesia, Prodjosudjadi W. et al (2009), who researched people at the age of 18–70 in 4 provincial capitals, found that the prevalence of CKD was 12.5% (using Cockcroft – Gault = CG), 8.6% (using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease = MDRD), or 7.5% (using Chinese MDRD) [7]
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