Abstract
Present study was conducted among school children to recognize the prevalence of IPIs in rural communities of district Dir Lower, Pakistan. A sum of 324 samples of stool were collected (210 boys and 114 girls). Used direct smear method and formol ether sedimentation concentration technique for processing the samples. The result shows that 82% (n=266) were found infected comprised 64.8% male and 35.1% females. Children of the age group 10 to 12 years were found extremely infected 94.2% while 4-6 year age group were having minimum ratio of infection 72%. Current study shows mono parasitism in 50.6% of the students while 22.2% were infected with 2 species and 7.40% were infected with three species of parasites. Seven species of intestinal parasites were reported include Ascaris lumbricoid in male (n=122) 58.0% and in female (n=65) 57.0% followed by Hook worm (n=88) 41.9% and (n=44) 38.5%; Tania saginata (n=44) 20.9% and (n=24) 21.0%; Entrobius vermicularis (n=32) 15.2% and (n=16) 14.0%; Trichuris trichura (n=25) 11.9% and (n=22) 19.2%; Hymenolepis nana (n=24) 11.4% and (n=18) 15.7% and Entameoba histolytica (n=16) 7.61% and (n=14) 12.2% in male and females respectively. The study indicates that most occurring intestinal parasite in the current study were Ascaris lumbricoides 58.0% (n=122) followed by hookworms 41.9% (n=88). Male students were more infected than females in the present study.
Highlights
Intestinal parasite in Pakistan is the main cause of morbidity in India and Bangladesh and other emerging states and is the common cause of death in developed countries (Liu et al, 2012)
The most important intestinal parasites observed in both boys and girls A. lumbricoides, hookworm, T. trichura, H. nana, E. vermicularis, T. saginata and E. histolytica in our study. (82.0%) (n=324/266) were the total prevalence of the intestinal parasite in present study, our finding result were lower than the study lead by Khan et al (2017c) which shows the total prevalence of IP were 83.1%
Chelkeba et al (2020) described that the total occurrence of IPIs were 48% noted from Ethiopia while 12.4% prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was reported from Karachi Pakistan by Arshad et al (2019), 62.3% prevalence of IPIs were reported from Malakand region by Khan et al (2019, 40% incidence of intestinal parasite infection were noted from Nepal by Gurung et al (2019), 24.8% occurrence of IP were noted from Ombda by Elameen et al (2019), from Malaysia by Rajeswari et al (1994) noted 62.9% occurrence of intestinal parasite, 62.4% prevalence of IPIs reported from southeast Ethiopia by Sitotaw and Shiferaw (2020)
Summary
Intestinal parasite in Pakistan is the main cause of morbidity in India and Bangladesh and other emerging states and is the common cause of death in developed countries (Liu et al, 2012). Parasites are mostly endemic and are widespread in some parts of the world so disease pattern varies in different geographic places. Helminth parasitic diseases are the topmost neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) comprised 24% population in the world reported to be infected with helminth transmitted from soil. In the ASEAN nations, it is expected that 300 million individuals are infected with intestinal helminth infections which is caused by soil transmitted helminth; A. lumbricoides infected 126.7 million people, T. trichiura infected 115.3 million and hookworm infected 77.0 million people (Hotez et al, 2015). Ascariasis, amoebiasis, trichuriasis, giardiasis and hookworm infection these disease are caused by different type of parasite and these are the main disease worldwide (NTDs) (WHO, 1987)
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