Prevalence of insomnia and its risk factors in older individuals: a community-based study in four cities of Hebei Province, China

Abstract

ObjectiveTo examine the epidemiology of sleep problems and insomnia among the community older individuals in Hebei Province, China, and to investigate the potential sociodemographic and clinical correlates and medication use. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with community adults, aged 60 years or older, who resided in four major cities in Hebei province. Basic sociodemographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. A total of 3176 older adults (1292 men, 70.2 ± 6.8 years; 1884 women, 68.8 ± 6.7 years) were interviewed. All of the participants were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire and underwent insomnia screening. ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia was 37.75%. The most common type of sleep disturbance was difficulty maintaining sleep, followed by difficulty initiating sleep and early morning awakening. Never smoking, experiencing the loss of a parent, a history of coronary heart disease, and depression symptoms were independent risk factors for insomnia in men. Occasional drinking was an independent protective factor against insomnia in men. Older age, depression symptoms, a history of cerebral hemorrhage, hyperlipidemia, living without a spouse, and having mild cognitive impairment were independent risk factors for insomnia in women. Only 11.1% of the sample with insomnia were taking sleeping medications regularly. ConclusionInsomnia is highly prevalent among the community older population in Hebei Province. The percentage of individuals regularly taking sleeping medication is low among those with insomnia. Individuals with complaints of insomnia frequently have poor physical and mental health and may need more medical attention. Comprehensive measures that involve psychosocial and personal behaviors should be implemented to alleviate insomnia in older individuals.