Prevalence of Hypogonadism in Male Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder linked with various complications, including hypogonadism—a condition marked by reduced testosterone levels and symptoms such as erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and increased fatigue. Hypogonadism remains underdiagnosed in diabetic populations, posing significant challenges to healthcare systems, especially in regions with high diabetic populations such as India. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 173 male T2DM patients aged 35 to 65. The study employed the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males (ADAM) questionnaire to screen for hypogonadism, alongside physical examinations and biochemical tests to assess testosterone levels and other metabolic parameters. Results: The incidence of hypogonadism was found to be 27.2% among the study participants. Higher prevalence rates were related with older age, higher body mass index, greater waist circumference, and longer period of diabetes. Elevated fasting blood sugar and poor glycemic control (HbA1c ? 7%) were also significantly correlated with low testosterone levels. Conclusion: The significant association between T2DM and hypogonadism underscores the need for routine screening for testosterone deficiency in diabetic care, particularly given the condition’s impact on quality of life and metabolic health. Recommendations: Based on the findings, it is recommended that screening for hypogonadism be integrated into the regular management protocols for T2DM, particularly for patients presenting with metabolic syndrome features or those with poor glycemic control. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypogonadism, Testosterone, Metabolic Health, Indian Population