Abstract
We systematically identified the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout in mainland China and provided informative data that can be used to create appropriate local public health policies. Relevant articles from 2000 to 2014 were identified by searching 5 electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Chinese Wanfang, CNKI, and Chongqing VIP. All of the calculations were performed using the Stata 11.0 and SPSS 20.0 software. The eligible articles (n = 36; 3 in English and 33 in Chinese) included 44 studies (38 regarding hyperuricemia and 6 regarding gout). The pooled prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout was 13.3% (95% CI: 11.9%, 14.6%) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7%, 1.5%), respectively. Although publication bias was observed, the results did not change after a trim and fill test, indicating that that impact of this bias was likely insignificant. The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout was high in mainland China. The subgroup analysis suggested that the geographical region, whether the residents dwell in urban or rural and coastal or inland areas, the economic level, and sex may be associated with prevalence.
Highlights
Serum uric acid is the final enzymatic product of purine metabolism [1, 2]
Several studies have suggested that hyperuricemia is associated with many diseases, including diabetes mellitus [4], hypertension [5, 6], stroke [2, 7], dyslipidemia [8], chronic kidney disease [9], cardiovascular events, and heart failure [10,11,12]
Papers were included if they met all of the following criteria: (1) all study participants living in mainland China; (2) study data being general population-based rather than hospital-based; (3) prevalence rate being analyzed by according to sex; (4) accurate diagnostic criteria and clear study date; and (5) the most detailed study of duplicate studies on the same population
Summary
Serum uric acid is the final enzymatic product of purine metabolism [1, 2]. Abnormalities in serum uric acid metabolism may cause hyperuricemia and gout. Hyperuricemia is the result of interactions among multiple factors, including sex, age, genetics, lifestyle, and environment [3]. Several studies have suggested that hyperuricemia is associated with many diseases, including diabetes mellitus [4], hypertension [5, 6], stroke [2, 7], dyslipidemia [8], chronic kidney disease [9], cardiovascular events, and heart failure [10,11,12]. Gout is a serious health issue and is an independent risk factor for heart failure and metabolic syndrome [16, 17]. An increasing trend in the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout has been observed in epidemiological studies [13, 18,19,20,21], and both diseases have become public health problems that need to be solved quickly
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