Prevalence of hypertensive disorders in women after preeclamptic pregnancy associated with decidual vasculopathy

Abstract

Objective: A subgroup of preeclamptic women has spiral artery lesions termed decidual vasculopathy (DV) which relate to worse clinical outcome. We aimed to determine whether a history of preeclampsia (PE) with DV is associated with adverse overall and future pregnancy outcome, including increased recurrence risk of hypertensive diseases of pregnancy. Methods: Via posted survey women with PE and DV (DV positive) in the index pregnancy were compared to those without the lesions (DV negative) on overall and future pregnancy outcome. Results: DV positive cases showed a higher incidence of chronic hypertension both preconceptionally and at time of survey, adjusted odds ratio 4.8 (2.0–11.9). The DV positive group had a higher overall incidence of pregnancies with gestational hypertension (22% vs 13%, p = 0.04), preterm birth (59% vs 45%, p = 0.02) and a lower birth weight centile (30 vs 39, p = 0.02). There was no difference in outcome of future pregnancies, irrespective of the use of prophylactic aspirin. Conclusion: Women with DV-associated PE have a higher overall incidence of adverse obstetric outcome and of chronic hypertension, indicating an underlying vascular pathology, putting them at risk for pregnancy and cardiovascular complications. These women constitute a target group for counseling, monitoring and possibly lifestyle or pharmacological interventions.