Prevalence of Human Sapovirus in Low and Middle Income Countries.

Mpho Magwalivha,Natasha Potgieter,Afsatou Ndama Traore,Jean-Pierre Kabue

doi:10.1155/2018/5986549

Abstract

Background Sapovirus (SV) infection is a public health concern which plays an important role in the burden of diarrhoeal diseases, causing acute gastroenteritis in people of all ages in both outbreaks and sporadic cases worldwide. Objective/Study Design The purpose of this report is to summarise the available data on the detection of human SV in low and middle income countries. A systematic search on PubMed and ScienceDirect database for SV studies published between 2004 and 2017 in low and middle income countries was done. Studies of SV in stool and water samples were part of the inclusion criteria. Results From 19 low and middle income countries, 45 published studies were identified. The prevalence rate for SV was 6.5%. A significant difference (P=0) in SV prevalent rate was observed between low income and middle income countries. Thirty-three (78.6%) of the studies reported on children and 8 (19%) studies reported on all age groups with diarrhoea. The majority (66.7%) of studies reported on hospitalised patients with acute gastroenteritis. Sapovirus GI was shown as the dominant genogroup, followed by SV-GII. Conclusion The detection of human SV in low and middle income countries is evident; however the reports on its prevalence are limited. There is therefore a need for systematic surveillance of the circulation of SV, and their role in diarrhoeal disease and outbreaks, especially in low and middle income countries.

Highlights

An estimated number of 6.3 million deaths of children under the age of 5 years suffering from diarrhoea have been reported worldwide [1, 2]
The majority of studies (78.6%; 33/42) investigated SV in children less than 5 years of age and a further 19% (8/42) included all ages
Very little is known about the contribution of human SV to diarrhoeal disease in developing countries; this is reflected in the fact that reported studies were only from 19 identified countries which include 5 African countries, namely, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Tunisia (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

An estimated number of 6.3 million deaths of children under the age of 5 years suffering from diarrhoea have been reported worldwide [1, 2]. Diarrhoeal disease is the important cause of morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries, the third most frequent cause of death and greatest contributor to the burden of disease in children younger than 5 years of age [4]. Low and middle income countries still face challenges like inadequate human waste disposal, poor water quality, poor health status, and disease transmission through faecal-oral route [6]. Sapovirus (SV) infection is a public health concern which plays an important role in the burden of diarrhoeal diseases, causing acute gastroenteritis in people of all ages in both outbreaks and sporadic cases worldwide. The detection of human SV in low and middle income countries is evident; the reports on its prevalence are limited. There is a need for systematic surveillance of the circulation of SV, and their role in diarrhoeal disease and outbreaks, especially in low and middle income countries

Objectives

Results

Conclusion