Abstract
BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a member of the Papillomaviridae family. The prevalence of HPV genotypes may vary according to the region and the population studied. Quilombo communities are ethnic and racial groups with difficult access to health services compared to the general population in Brazil. The aim of this study was to identify specific HPV types correlating with sociodemographic/behavioral characteristics and cervical smear cytological abnormalities in Quilombola women.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 395 Quilombola women users of the Unified Health System of the Municipalities of Maranhão for the screening of cervical cancer. The samples were analyzed for the presence of cytological abnormalities by conventional methods and tested for 37 HPV genotypes using polymerase chain reaction with primers PGMY09/11 followed by reverse line blot hybridization performed with the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test kit by Roche Molecular System®. The association between HPV types and cytological diagnosis was investigated according to the different age groups.ResultsHPV infection was detected in 12.6% (50/395) of the women. Infections by high-risk HPV types were more frequent. Genotypes 68 (26.0%); 58 and 52 (20.0%); 31 (10.0%) and 62 (8.0%) were the most prevalent. The highest prevalence (42.0%) of HPV infection occurred in women diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. There was a statistically significant association between HPV infection and the detection of cytological abnormalities in all age groups except in women over 60 years. There was a statistically significant association between the municipality of origin and the number of partners with HPV infection.ConclusionsIt is important to incorporate new cervical cancer screening techniques incorporating the cervical-vaginal cytology. For further studies, it is necessary to determine the level of knowledge of Quilombola population on health-related issues including HPV infection and cervical cancer. This will contribute to the continuous improvement of healthcare coverage among the population and enhance the implementation of cancer care in the state of Maranhão.
Highlights
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a member of the Papillomaviridae family
The prevalence of HPV in Brazil ranges from 16.8% to 26.8% in women not stratified by cytology [3, 4]
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the distribution of HPV genotypes in Quilombola women and to evaluate the risk factors associated with HPV infection
Summary
The prevalence of HPV genotypes may vary according to the region and the population studied. The aim of this study was to identify specific HPV types correlating with sociodemographic/behavioral characteristics and cervical smear cytological abnormalities in Quilombola women. Cervical cancer (CC) is the third most common cancer among women worldwide, with approximately 528,000 new cases per year, being responsible for the death of 266,000 women each year [1]. According to the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, the estimated number of cases of CC for the year 2014 (and 2015), were approximately 15,590 in Brazil. The prevalence of HPV in Brazil ranges from 16.8% to 26.8% in women not stratified by cytology [3, 4]. In a study on indigenous populations, the prevalence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybrid capture was 29.0%. In a study on indigenous populations, the prevalence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybrid capture was 29.0%. [5]
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