Abstract
IntroductionCervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological malignancy and the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Several epidemiological, clinical and molecular studies have strongly implicated oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus infection in the aetiopathogenesis of cervical cancer. The objectives of this study were to determine the cervical HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in cervical cancer in Maiduguri, Nigeria.MethodsThis was a descriptive and retrospective study. Sixty-three archived paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with confirmed diagnoses of cervical cancer during the study period (2013-2015) were retrieved and examined. The procedure included deparaffinization of tissue samples, DNA extraction, PCR, gel electrophoresis, and HPV genotyping by reverse hybridization line probe assay.ResultsSixty-three cervical cancer cases were subjected to genomic DNA extraction and HPV-DNA detection by PCR. Fifty-eight samples showed PCR positivity while 5 samples were PCR negative. HPV-specific DNA was detected in 44 of the 58 PCR-positive samples and thus the prevalence was 69.8%. Ten different high-risk HPV genotypes were detected. Both single and multiple high-risk HPV infections were observed. The most prevalent type of the human papillomavirus detected was HPV16.ConclusionHPV-DNA was prevalent in majority of the examined cervical cancer tissues and that HPV16, HPV18, HPV45, HPV51 and HPV52 were the predominant HPVs detected in both single and multiple HPV infections. The results of this study and further studies will provide more detailed information about HPV and may contribute significantly to the prevention of cervical cancer through primary high-risk HPV testing and HPV vaccination against the oncogenic viruses.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from the uterine cervix-the part of the uterus connecting the body of the uterus to the vagina [1]
Prevalence of HPV-DNA in cervical cancer: during the study period between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2015, a total of 602 cases were diagnosed as cancer in the Department of Histopathology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri
A total of 105 (17.4%) cancer cases were of female genital tract malignancies, out of which 82 (78.1%) cases were diagnosed as cervical cancer
Summary
Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm arising from the uterine cervix-the part of the uterus connecting the body of the uterus to the vagina [1]. The burden of cervical cancer is quite high in the developing countries and constitutes a major health problem [2]. This is a source of great concern considering the fact that cervical cancer is preventable and curable at low cost with currently available methods [2]. It is second only to breast cancer in incidence and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality among the female population [3]. It accounts for about 8% of both total cancer cases and total cancer deaths in the world [4]. In Africa, the sub-Sahara is the region with the highest incidence of cervical cancer in the world with concomitant high mortality affecting women at their prime age [2]
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