Abstract
Objective:To find out the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis (B & C) among the drug users in a tertiary care public hospital.Methods:The study was conducted at addiction ward of Mayo Hospital Lahore. A total of 453 drug users were admitted in drug addiction ward from 1st of August 2016 to 31st of July 2017. Their history was taken using self-constructed case history form and they were screened for HIV and hepatitis (B & C). Additionally three types of screening tests including Unigold, Determine and Bioline were used for HIV screening.Results:Of 402 (100%) drug users, 394 (98%) were male and 8 (2%) were female. Their mean age was 32.2 (8.8) years. Overall prevalence of HIV virus was 21.1%, Hepatitis C 34.3% and Hepatitis B 3.2% in drug users. Among HIV positive drug users, 84.7% drug users took drugs through injections as compared to 15.3% who took drugs orally. Among HCV positive drug users, 68.9% drug users took drugs through injections as compared to 31.1% oral drug users. Relapse rate of drug use among all drug users was also very high as 83.3%. Of these drug users, 47.2% had previously sought treatment while other 52.8% never sought any treatment. Family history of drug abuse indicated that 32.2% drug users had family members who were also drug users. Moreover, about 11.4% drug users had previous history of blood transfusion.Conclusion:HIV and hepatitis B & C were prevalent among drug users specially those who took drugs through injections. Relapse rate was significantly high and history of drug use in family may also predispose an individual towards becoming a drug addict.
Highlights
Blood-borne viral infections are a major health problem in intravenous drug users
0.8–1.4 million people are living with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 2.7–3.9 million people are living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States.[1]
Out of 402 patients, 85 (21.1%) drug users were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 13 (3.4%) with HBV and 138 (34.3%) were infected with HCV
Summary
Blood-borne viral infections are a major health problem in intravenous drug users. Drug and alcohol use prone the individuals at high risk of viral hepatitis and HIV. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are leading health threats among injecting drug users. Intravenous drug users suffer with multiple health conditions including mental illness and HIV requiring care from multiple healthcare providers. 0.8–1.4 million people are living with HBV and 2.7–3.9 million people are living with HCV in the United States.[1] These bloodborne viral infections have reached epidemic proportions in most states, disproportionately
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