Prevalence of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Co-Infection among People Living with HIV in Dutse Metropolis, Jigawa Nigeria

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known major global public health problem. HBV–HIV co-infection is not uncommon due to shared risk of transmission particularly in areas of endemic HBV infection. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of co-Infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among people living with HIV in Dutse metropolis, Jigawa Nigeria. A hospital-based cross-sectional study included 100 confirmed People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending General Hospital Duste, Jigawa. Demographic information, risk factors, and serological analyses for HBV were obtained using a structured questionnaire and the vein puncture technique. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 25, employing the Chi-square test for categorical variables. The study revealed a statistically significant association between age groups and HIV/HBV co-infection (p = 0.006), with the highest prevalence in the 29-39 age range. Primary education (p = 0.009) also exhibited significant associations. Employed individuals (8.51%) exhibited a higher HIV/HBV co-infection rate than the unemployed (7.01%), with a non-significant association (p = 0.54). Males showed a marginal elevation in co-infection rates (8%) compared to females (7.55%), but the gender difference was not statistically significant. Divorced individuals had a significantly higher prevalence (22.22%) than married (6.67%) and single (6.25%) individuals. Risky behaviors and residence did not show significant associations with co-infection. The overall prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection in this study was 8%. Our study showed a high prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection among people living with HIV/AIDS attending the care and treatment center in Dutse General Hospital Jigawa. These findings highlighted the complex interplay of behavioral and demographic factors that contribute to the prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection among people living with HIV/AIDS.