Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Negative Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA)

Abstract

Objective: Persistence of high-risk HPV infection is known to be the
 major cause of cervical cancer. It is important to differentiate the
 genotype of HPV infection, whether it is high, intermediate or low
 risk. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high-risk
 HPV types among Indonesian women with negative VIA.
 Method: We analyzed cervical swabs from 1,214 patients with negative
 VIA. By using INNO-Lipa HPV DNA test, we detected the HPV
 DNA and its genotype.
 Result: From the 1,214 women with negative VIA, 48 (3.95%) samples
 were confirmed to have positive HPV DNA by using PCR and
 electrophoresis. However, hybridization test were not able to detect
 HPV genotypes in 9 samples. These 9 samples were tested again
 with PCR and electrophoresis and resulted in negative HPV DNA.
 Among the remaining 39 samples (3.21%), we detected 19 types of
 HPV, consisting of 13 types of high-risk HPV, 5 types of low-risk HPV,
 and 1 type of unknown HPV (type X).
 Conclusion: Among patients with negative VIA, 3.21% was found to
 be positive for HPV DNA. From this percentage, the prevalence of
 high-risk HPV is higher than the low-risk and unknown HPV. Therefore
 we cannot ignore results of negative VIA, particularly in highrisk
 group, because there is a slight possibility that presence of HPV
 can be identified, especially the high risk ones which have a tendency
 to be persistent. We support the importance of HPV DNA test
 as cervical cancer screening method.
 [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 153-156]
 Keywords: cervical cancer, high-risk HPV, negative VIA