Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.
Highlights
The human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the Pappillomaviridae family, which currently consists of two subfamilies that include more than 50 genera and more than 130 species that can infect various classes of vertebrates [1]
Epidemiological profile analysis of the group of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women co-infected with Human papillomavirus (HPV) revealed that infection was most prevalent among women of reproductive age (64.5%; 69/107); between 19 and 38 years; single, separated or widowed (55.1%; 59/107); and with a low education level (52.3%; 56/107)
Many studies have shown that an infection by an HPV of high oncogenic risk, especially HPV-16 and 18, is closely related with the development of cervical cancer, with a higher chance of occurrence among HIV-positive women [14]
Summary
The human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to the Pappillomaviridae family, which currently consists of two subfamilies that include more than 50 genera and more than 130 species that can infect various classes of vertebrates [1]. Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped viruses, ∼55 nm in diameter. 228 HPV genotypes have been identified [2]. HPV infects the epithelial surface and can lead to the development of proliferative benign lesions in the skin, mucosa and genital tract [3]. Genital HPV infection is among the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) with the highest incidence and prevalence worldwide [4,5,6,7] and is associated with the development of low- to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL and HSIL, respectively)
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