Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection is a salient occupational hazard for health workers. It has been estimated that about two billion people worldwide have been infected with the virus. It is the 10<sup>th</sup> leading cause of death worldwide and results in 500,000 to 1.2million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of HBsAg in serum or plasma is an indication of active Hepatitis B infection, either acute or chronic. Healthcare workers, of which medical students are a part of, are at high risk of encountering accidental needle prick injuries, blood and body fluid exposure and hence acquiring blood borne infections, especially Hepatitis B which may be followed by serious long term sequelae in a significant number of cases. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rate of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among the Port Sudan Ahlia College, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences students, during the period from January to May 2012 AD. The study included male and female individual's aged18-25 years. It was found that the incidence of hepatitis B virus among the students under study amounted to 2% using the Immuno-Chromatography Test (ICT). Seroprevalence was recorded in the females (2.0%) than males (0.0%) students. Other studies are required in the future for more confirmation with more specific and sensitive Techniques; such as: analysis by Enzyme linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (E. L. I. S. A.) Technique and Polymerase Chain Reaction (P. C. R). Participated in this study, qualitative detection of HBsAg was done using one step HBsAg rapid test strips (DiaSpot Diagnostics, USA). Results were correlated and reported as positive or negative. Among the 50 samples analyzed, 2 samples were positive for HBsAg accounting for a prevalence rate of 2.0%. This prevalence was however statistically non – significant (p0.05). The major risk factors of hepatitis B transmission among medical students include unprotected exposure body fluids, blood and blood products as well as lack of vaccination.
Highlights
Hepatitis B is a salient occupational hazard for health workers
The current study presented the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among students of medical laboratory sciences faculty of Port Sudan Ahlia Collage to demonstrate the infections within them in both gender
Results from other parts of Africa and the rest of the world show varying result, Pido and Kagimu reported a prevalence of 11.0% among medical students of Maker ere University, Uganda [19], prevalence of 0.6% and0.95% were reported among Gomal University medical students, Pakistan [20] and students of health colleges in Saudi Arabia [21] respectively
Summary
It is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease. It has been estimated that about two billion people worldwide have been infected with the virus, 350million people worldwide are chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, and about. Hepatitis B virus is the 10th leading cause of death worldwide and results in 500,000 to 1.2million deaths per year due to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [3]. HBV is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV and 10 times more than Hepatitis C virus [2, 4]. Many of the patients infected with HBV are asymptomatic and as such helpin the spread of the disease in the community and to health workers [5]. HBV has a perinatal route of transmission (from mother to child at birth) this route is a common source
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