Abstract
The health of people living with HIV/AIDS becomes progressively worse when co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), resulting in shortened life span. The modes of transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV are similar. To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection in HIV patients. This was a retrospective study of serology test results for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) of HIV positive patients registered from 2008-2013 (6years) at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Adult patients with confirmed HIV seropositivity were included. Ethical approval was obtained and confidentiality of the patient information was maintained. Laboratory records were reviewed to obtain HBsAg, anti-HCV, and CD4 T-lymphocyte results. Prevalence was determined by the number of positive results over total number of patients tested. Chi-square test was used to determine relationships and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. 4663 HIV patient records were included comprising 3024 (65%) females and 1639 (35%) males. Serology results showed 365/4663 (7.8%) tested HBsAg-positive only; 219/4663 (4.7%) tested anti-HCV-positive only; and 27/4663 (0.58%) tested both HBsAg and anti-HCV-positive. Correlation of age and sex were statistically significant with HBV and HCV (p<0.05) but not CD4 count (p>0.05). HBV co-infection was more prevalent than HCV, and triple infection was also observed. Screening for these viral infections in the HIV population is necessary for early identification to enable appropriate, holistic management of these patients.
Highlights
Worldwide, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a serious public health problem and Africa remains the region worst hit by the pandemic with estimated prevalence of 25.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS as at 2017.1 Available literature suggest that there is faster progression of HIV infection, even to AIDS-defining illnesses in those co-infect-Both viruses have been documented to be more prevalent in HIV positive patients with associated increaseAfrican Health Sciences in liver-related morbidity and mortality, which is twice as high in HIV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infected individuals than those with HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection[5]
Background: The health of people living with HIV/AIDS becomes progressively worse when co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), resulting in shortened life span
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) should be commenced in HIV patients coinfected with HBV or HCV irrespective of their CD4 T lymphocyte count[11], but the choice of regimen depends on which of these viral infections are present or else the patient may be at greater risk for hepatotoxicity
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a serious public health problem and Africa remains the region worst hit by the pandemic with estimated prevalence of 25.7 million people (all ages) living with HIV/AIDS as at 2017.1 Available literature suggest that there is faster progression of HIV infection, even to AIDS-defining illnesses in those co-infect-Both viruses have been documented to be more prevalent in HIV positive patients with associated increaseAfrican Health Sciences in liver-related morbidity and mortality, which is twice as high in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals than those with HIV/HCV co-infection[5]. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a serious public health problem and Africa remains the region worst hit by the pandemic with estimated prevalence of 25.7 million people (all ages) living with HIV/AIDS as at 2017.1 Available literature suggest that there is faster progression of HIV infection, even to AIDS-defining illnesses in those co-infect-. Both viruses have been documented to be more prevalent in HIV positive patients with associated increase.
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