Abstract
Anemia in pregnancy is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and, maternal and fetal mortality in India. Hemoglobin transports oxygen to different parts of the body. Any defect in hemoglobin structure leads to its adverse functions. Screening of pregnant women for hemoglobinopahties helps in early intervention for reducing morbidity and mortality. Although the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies especially of the sickle cell disorders is high in Madhya Pradesh but any study on pregnant women is lacking. This study had set the objectives to find the prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin disorders in pregnant women, and to determine the health status through hematological indices profile in central India. Hospital based a cross-sectional study showed 12.26% prevalence of hemoglobinopathies among 416 pregnant women, the sickle cell trait being 7.45%, followed by β-thalassemia trait (2.89%), hemoglobin E trait (0.24%), and sickle cell disease (1.68%). About 88% of the pregnant women were found free of hemoglobinopathies. Of the 9.13% pregnant women included in the study were suffering from sickle cell disorders. However, the overall 47.11% anemia was observed in pregnant women, ranging in between 45% to 66% and seemed to show a reduction in anemia after nutritional supplementations and improvement in maternal health care at antenatal check up due to accessibility to medical health facilities. A comparison of hematological indices of pregnant women afflicted with and without sickle cell disorders have revealed much reduced hemoglobin level, red blood cells count, mean corpuscular volume, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin; and raised leucocytosis in sickle cell disorder cases than among the normal pregnant women. A more vigorous and realistic campaign of prophylactic regime of supplementations for these pregnant women and child health care is suggested.
Highlights
The people of Central India are at a higher risk for being carriers of hemoglobinopathies especially of the sickle cell disorders and should be offered carrier screening.[1,2] Ranbir S
In a cross-sectional study of 416 pregnant women screened for hemoglobinopathies referred from the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose persisted in those pregnant women who were suffering from homozygous sickle cell disease
It has been observed that the values of hematological indices such as Hb, red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (HCT) were much lower in homozygous sickle cell disease cases than in the normal cases
Summary
The people of Central India are at a higher risk for being carriers of hemoglobinopathies especially of the sickle cell disorders and should be offered carrier screening.[1,2] Ranbir S. Medical Research Centre for Tribals (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India ited in India because of ethical, social, and cultural concerns.[3,4] Pregnancies in women with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for intrauterine growth retardation, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and preterm labor.[3,5,6,7] The magnitude of the risk varies with the degree of Acknowledgements: the author is grateful to Dr V.M. Katoch, Secretary, Department of Health Research, Government of India and Director General, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi for providing the necessary research facilities and the subjects for their kind coopera-
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