Prevalence of Hearing Loss Associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

Background: The relationship between hearing loss and metabolic disorders, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, has emerged as a critical research focus. The intricate interplay between these systemic conditions and auditory health poses significant implications for global public health, warranting comprehensive exploration and intervention strategies. Objective: To determine the prevalence of hearing loss associated with diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Department of ENT, CMH, Multan Pakistan. Duration: From November 2022 to April 2023. Methods: Total 153 adult patients aged 18 years and above of either gender with known history of diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia although without a history of pre-existing auditory disorders, congenital hearing impairment, or any other systemic conditions known to affect hearing were included. Patients with a history of known auditory disorders, pre-existing hearing impairment, or other systemic conditions such as autoimmune diseases or neurodegenerative disorders affecting hearing were excluded. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients before their inclusion in the study. Fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of metabolic parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.2 ± 8.7 years. Gender distribution revealed that 78 patients (51%) were male, while 75(49%) were female. Of the total patients, 27 (18%) had hearing loss, while the majority, 126(82%), had normal hearing. Mild hearing loss was identified in 15(10%), moderate hearing loss in 8(5%), and severe hearing loss in 4(3%) patients. Regarding the type of hearing loss, sensorineural impairment was the most common, affecting 20(13%), followed by conductive hearing loss in 5(3%), and mixed hearing loss in 2(1%) patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss associated with diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia underscores the multifaceted nature of health conditions and their impact on sensory functions.