Prevalence of Hearing Impairment Among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients

Abstract

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with varied manifestations, including potential auditory complications. Previous studies have indicated varying prevalence rates of hearing impairment among SLE patients, necessitating further research to understand the extent and nature of these auditory issues. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of hearing impairment in SLE patients, with a focus on identifying the types and degrees of hearing loss and associated symptoms like tinnitus and vertigo. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study involved 38 SLE patients from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, and DHQ Hospital, Bhimber, Kashmir. Participants underwent pure tone audiometry (PTA) to assess hearing impairment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0, with a focus on qualitative variables like gender, education, and socio-economic status. Patients with SLE-associated co-morbid factors affecting hearing were excluded. Results: The study found a 29% prevalence of hearing impairment among SLE patients, with sensorineural hearing loss being the most common type (21.1%). Conductive hearing loss and mixed hearing loss were observed in 2.6% and 5.3% of patients, respectively. The majority of hearing impairments were of mild to moderate degree. Additionally, 23.7% of patients reported tinnitus, and 18.45% experienced vertigo. Conclusion: The study concludes that hearing impairment, particularly sensorineural hearing loss of a mild to moderate degree, is a significant concern in SLE patients. The findings highlight the need for routine audiological assessments, including PTA and High Frequency Audiometry (HFA), in the management of SLE patients to facilitate early detection and treatment of hearing loss.