Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma all over the world. Its prevalence varies greatly from one country to another and reaches 25% in certain parts of Africa and Asia and less than 1% in Europe and America. A variety of risk factors have been found to be responsible for the high prevalence of HBV. In Western societies parenteral drug abuse and homosexuality were found to be the main routes of spread throughout the community while in Oriental countries perinatal transmission from infected mothers is the main route. Other risk factors for HBV infection have been defined in the hospital setting. (excerpt)
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