Prevalence of hand osteoarthritis and knee osteoarthritis in Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas and non Kashin-Beck disease endemic areas: A status survey.

Wei Lian,Yan Hong Cao,Hui Liu,Jun Yu,Qing Deng,Shao Ping Wang,Li Yan Sun,Hong Yan Lv,Li Bin Duan,Quanquan Song,Yun Qi Liu,Yuan Yuan Jiang,Xue Ying Zhang,Mikko Juhani Lammi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190505

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a considerable health problem worldwide, and the prevalence of OA varies in different regions. In this study, the prevalence of OA in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and non-KBD endemic areas was examined, respectively. According to monitoring data, 4 types of regions (including none, mild, moderate and high KBD endemic areas) in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces were selected. All local residents were eligible for inclusion criteria have undergone X-ray images of hands and anteroposterior image of knees. A total of 1673 cases were collected, 1446 cases were analyzed after removing the KBD patients (227). The overall hand OA and knee OA detection rates were 33.3% (481/1446) and 56.6% (818/1446), respectively. After being standardized by age, the detection rate of hand OA in the KBD endemic areas was significantly higher than that in the non-endemic endemic areas. Differently, there was no significant difference in the detection rates of knee OA between the KBD endemic areas and the non-endemic area. The correlation coefficient between the severity of OA and the severity of knee OA was 0.358 and 0.197 in the KBD and non-KBD endemic areas, respectively. Where the KBD historical prevalence level was higher, the severity of the residents’ hand OA was more serious. The detection rates of hand OA and knee OA increased with age. The detection rate of knee OA increased with the increase in body mass index. The prevalence of hand OA was closely related to the pathogenic factors of Kashin-Beck disease, and the prevalence of knee OA had no significant correlation with KBD pathogenic factors.

Highlights

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory disease of synovial joints and the most common form of arthritis [1]
This study found that the detection rate of knee OA in the Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) areas was slightly higher than that in the non-endemic areas, but there was no significant difference, indicating that the effect of KBD pathogenic factors on the occurrence of knee OA was not obvious
The present study found that the residents’ hand OA detection rate in the KBD area is higher than in the non-endemic area

Summary

Introduction

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory disease of synovial joints and the most common form of arthritis [1]. It is a leading cause of chronic pain and physical disability in older individuals [2]. OA is one of the most costly and disabling forms of joint disease, being far more common than rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other forms of joint disease [3] It is characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of articular cartilage [4] with concomitant structural and functional changes in the entire joint, including the synovium, meniscus (in the knee), periarticular ligaments, and subchondral bone [5]. Most of the endemic areas are located in the cold and arid regions of warm and humid areas [9]

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