Prevalence of Haemoptysis in PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients with Sars Covid-2 Pneumonia

Ahmed Mohammed Sabo ,Usman Kusfa Ibrahim ,Nanyak Zingfa Galam

doi:10.7176/jhmn/90-02

Abstract

Covid-19 belongs to the group of corona viruses, morphologically shaped as crown with spikes at the rim, the viral spikes being made up of protein S 1 and S 2 . Apart from the ability of SARS Covid-2 (Covid-19) to induce massive inflammation in the lungs of infected patients, an additional compounding factor that accompanies the cytokine storm is thrombo-embolic phenomenon which has been demonstrated in a number of autopsies/ Haemoptysis as a symptom is considered outcome at an outcome of the clotting and haemorrhagic phenomenon. The aim of this work is to establish the prevalence of haemoptysis in covid-19 pneumonia as a possible consequence of the combined damaging effect of cytokine storm and the thrombo-embolic phenomenon. One hundred and twenty Covid-19 patients were selected through record after obtaining ethical clearance/ In no particular order and sticking only to random sampling, study group were picked from northeast, northwest and north central geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Medical record of each is sorted by by care givers to specifically evaluate the presence of the symptom of haemoptysis at the latter and recovery stage after the sneezing, anosmia and itchy throat early stage and all through the stage where there is cough and deep retrosternal pain in response to the cough with accompanying difficulty in breathing. The result indicates the presence of haemoptysis in 10% of PCR Covid-19 confirmed cases of pneumonia. Keywords : PCR, Covid-19, SARS Covid-2, Pneumonia, Haemoptysis, DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/90-02 Publication date: June 30 th 2021

Highlights

Among the flu causing viruses, like the influenza viruses, the corona viruses have for long been entertained as candidates that may possibly assume global spread, a pandemic that may shock the world unlike anything that has ever been seen
Certain viruses are known to have the ability to induce bleeding in diseases and can mostly be classified as hemorrhagic fever viruses. Such diseases include lassa fever, Ebola etc. while covid-19 does not belong to this category of viruses causing bleeding, the SARS Covid-2 virus has been shown to cause massive and a damaging inflammatory reaction through a phenomenon recognized as cytokine storm compounded by the thrombo-embolic phenomenon
The age range for those recruited into the study is from 18 to 80 years The medical information from the different approved centers for treatment of Covid-19 were sourced despite the lack of clear cut official policy on biomedical research on Covid-19 and the lack of standby research office dedicated to Covid-19 research related activities

Summary

Introduction

Among the flu causing viruses, like the influenza viruses, the corona viruses have for long been entertained as candidates that may possibly assume global spread, a pandemic that may shock the world unlike anything that has ever been seen. The covid-19 pandemic, prediction could be said to have come to pass. What biomedical scientists are postulating is that, this covid-19 pandemic may be the first but certainly not the last. More zoonotic attacks and the mutations of the current SARS Covid-2 are frightening prospect and realities of the day. Certain viruses are known to have the ability to induce bleeding in diseases and can mostly be classified as hemorrhagic fever viruses. Such diseases include lassa fever, Ebola etc. While covid-19 does not belong to this category of viruses causing bleeding, the SARS Covid-2 virus has been shown to cause massive and a damaging inflammatory reaction through a phenomenon recognized as cytokine storm compounded by the thrombo-embolic phenomenon Such diseases include lassa fever, Ebola etc. while covid-19 does not belong to this category of viruses causing bleeding, the SARS Covid-2 virus has been shown to cause massive and a damaging inflammatory reaction through a phenomenon recognized as cytokine storm compounded by the thrombo-embolic phenomenon

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