Abstract
To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and compare it with that of patients without OSA. Patients investigated for OSA using polysomnography at the sleep center of King Abdulaziz University Hospital were invited to participate in this cross-sectional case series study. American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines were used to diagnose OSA. Recruitment of patients with and without OSA was conducted from December 2013 to September 2015. Exclusion criteria included topical and systemic steroid use and presence of other ocular diseases. Two criteria, cup/disc ratio and visual field defects, were necessary for a glaucoma diagnosis. Among 84 adults enrolled, 44 (52%) had a confirmed diagnosis of OSA. Glaucoma prevalence was higher among individuals with OSA (16%) than among non-OSA individuals (8%), a difference that was not statistically significant. A consistent trend, which was not statistically significant after adjusting for cofounders, toward more glaucomatous changes was observed in OSA subjects. Although a trend toward higher glaucoma prevalence was observed in OSA patients, the difference was not statistically significant. As many variables contribute to the development of the two conditions, larger cohorts are needed to evaluate associations between glaucoma and OSA.
Highlights
Glaucoma is a common and serious progressive disease of the optic nerve
body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher among the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) group than among the OSA-free group (p < 0.05)
Our higher prevalence may be attributable to the different cohort of patients used in our study, as all the patients who were referred were suspected of having sleep disorders
Summary
Glaucoma is a common and serious progressive disease of the optic nerve. When left unnoticed and untreated, glaucoma can lead to blindness as the changes are irreversible. According to World Health Organization analysis, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and is responsible for 12.3% of cases [3]. Approximately 60 million people are diagnosed with glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and an estimated 8.4 million people are blind because of glaucoma. These numbers are predicted to increase to 80 and 11.2 million, respectively, by 2020. Screening may be pertinent to aid early detection. Identifying at-risk groups to guide screening efforts for early detection may be worthwhile. Factors associated with glaucoma include elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP), low perfusion pressure to the
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