Prevalence of Glaucoma among High Myopia

Abstract

Abstract Background Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that is characterized by the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons, which manifests as the loss of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Numerous studies have shown that the extent of RNFL damage correlates with the severity of functional deficit in the visual field (VF), and that RNFL measurement by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has good sensitivity for the detection of glaucoma. Purpose To assess the prevalence of glaucoma among high myopic patients and the association between them using standard automated perimetry (SAP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Patients and Methods A prospective observational randomized cross sectional study included a total of 80 eyes with high myopia, in the period from November 2017 to April 2018. This cross sectional study included 44 subjects with 80 eyes regarding high myopia using the outpatient services of the Qlawoon Hospital, Cairo, who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria between November 2017 and April 2018 aiming to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in high myopic patients. Results In our study, we depended on the following highly significant parameters in detection of prevalence of glaucoma among high myopic patients: Spherical equivalent median is -12, Vertical cup/disc ratio mean is 0.55, MD median of visual field is – 5.38, PSD mean of visual field is 3.53, GHT is 64.7% outside normal limits, 17.6% border line and 17.6% general reduction of sensitivity and RNFL thickness mean is; for average thickness is 86.37, for superior thickness is 90.06 and for inferior thickness is 82.68 a highly significant P-value. Conclusion Prevalence of glaucoma among our study group is 42.5% depending on Spherical equivalent median, Vertical cup/disc ratio mean, MD median of visual field, PSD mean of visual field, GHT and RNFL thickness.