Prevalence of giardiasis and its associated factors among livestock and rivers in Mlati, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract: Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal disease caused by the protozoan Giardia sp. Recent data showed that constant contact with livestock could pose greater risk of contracting this disease, especially without any protective gears. Unfortunately, this condition is still prevalent in several areas in Indonesia. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of giardiasis and its risk factors in the community around livestock areas and rivers in Mlati, Sleman, DIY, Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January-August 2019 around the livestock area and rivers in Mlati, Sleman, DIY. Stool samples were obtained from subjects who have livestock and live along the rivers or its tributaries. The status of Giardiasis were determined from microscopic examination and PCR using beta-giardin as the reference conducted in Parasitology and Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, UNS.Results: A total of 179 subjects were were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of giardiasis among study population was found to be at 5.02% (n=9), 19 (10.6%) of them were cattleman, and 122 (68.1%) had a history of contact with cattle. Subjects who did not own any cattle seemed to have a significantly lower risk of contracting giardiasis (AOR: 0.041, 95%CI: 0.009-0.185; p=0.000) since contact with cattle also proved to be the risk factor of giardiasis (AOR: 1.080, 95%CI: 1.027-1.135; p<0.002).Conclusion: This study revealed that constant contact with cattle lead to significantly higher risk of giardiasis for those who live among livestock and along the rivers in Mlati, Sleman DIY.