Abstract
Globally, urinary tract infections are one of the most common infections in need of urgent clinical attention. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)- producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of some UTI patients and s of apparently healthy individuals in Minna, Nigeria, is investigated. Standard microbiological techniques were used to conduct this study. A total of 170 catch midstream urine samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratories of 4 different hospitals (and samples from healthy individuals) were randomly collected for 5 months and examined for microbial growths. Female patients (65.9%) submitted more urine samples for UTI test than their male counterpart (34.1%). The age ranges of 21 -30 (26.5%) and 31 - 40 (25.3%) had the highest percentages of infection rate while those within the ages 1- 10 (3.5%) and ≥ 71 (2.3%) were the least infected. This study observed a prevalence of 23.5% of E. coli in Minna metropolis and a significant number (30%) of healthy individuals (HI) was observed to harbor the E. coli in their urine. The isolates were highly susceptible to Gentamicin (65%), Ofloxacin (65%), Tetracycline (62.5%), Cotrimoxazole (62.5%), and Streptomycin (57.5%). Mildly susceptible to Pefloxacin (37.5%), Chloramphenicol (37.5%), and Ciprofloxacin (35%). There were significant resistance to most of the beta-lactames tested [Cefuroxime (80%), Amoxicillin (42.5%), Augmentin (40), Cefotaxime (20%) and Ceftaxidime (7.5%)]. Two of the isolates were resistant to all the 13 antibiotics tested; 70% (28) of the isolates had multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) ≥0.3. Multidrug resistance was expressed in 37.5% of the isolates tested. The study showed a vast resistant pool in the environment. Only 25% of the E. coli isolated from the urine samples produced beta-lactamases phenotypically, most of which expressed resistance to more than 5 of the antibiotics tested and had MARI of ≥ 0.5. Further evaluation showed that 25% (10/40) of the E. coli isolated from the UTI patients in Minna, Nigeria, were ESBL- producers and could harbor one or two of the genes. TEM gene was expressed in 70% (7) of the isolates that produced ESBL phenotypically, 60% 6) harbored CTXM gene, 20% (2) had the OXA gene while none of the bacteria harbored the SHV gene. The study established a 5.9% ESBL prevalence among the E. coli isolated from UTI in the environment studied. This study established that E. coli is one of the prevalent bacteri urea majorly isolated from UTI patients in Minna. The prevalent E. coli are multidrug resistant and could harbor more than one ESBL gene .
 keywords: Escherichia coli, Minna, UTI, ESBL, Multidrug resistance
Highlights
Introduction contribute to reinfectionAccording to the CDC,(2019), within 3 months of birth, male childrenDifferent studies have defined urinary tract infections (UTIs) as the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract, which might have more probability of contracting UTI while females become more vulnerable thereafter
Producing Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples of some UTI patients and s of apparently healthy individuals in Minna, Nigeria, is investigated
General Hospital Minna (67) had the highest urine samples followed by Standard Hospital (30) and Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida (IBB) Specialist Hospital (30) while the Hospital with the least samples was Top Medical Clinic (23)
Summary
Introduction contribute to reinfectionAccording to the CDC,(2019), within 3 months of birth, male childrenDifferent studies have defined urinary tract infections (UTIs) as the growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract, which might have more probability of contracting UTI while females become more vulnerable thereafter. UTI could be community acquired or hospital acquired elicit inflammatory disorders resulting in (nosocomial) and expressed in patients as acute, burning sensations while urinating, increase in temperature, dysuria, itching, pain around the pelvic region, development of wounds and inflammation of the genital area, genital and chronic, complicated or uncomplicated and in some cases asymptomatic, depending on an individual’s immune status (Nelson and Good, 2015). UTIs can result in associated with UTI are malnutrition, poor hygiene and low socio-economic status, which are common in rural settings The clinical symptoms of this disease vary that includes the urethras, renal pelvis and kidneys and pyelonephritis, an infection of the lower urinary tract that includes the infection of urethra and urinary bladder (Lane and Takhar, depending on the sites of infection, the causative organisms, pregnancy, the severity of the infection and the age of the infected patients (Dias et al, 2010).
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