Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Raw Milk Samples in Al Jazirah State, Sudan

Abstract

Milk play a major role in human sources of nutrition and remain as the most important prominent in the Sudanese diet. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are humans and animals opportunistic pathogens, responsible for a wide range of infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the commercial available milk and to detect ESBL producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae from raw milk samples of cow in Al Jazirah state, Sudan. Seventy fresh row cow milk samples were collected and examined using standard microbiological methods, ESBL detection was performed on all the isolates by Ceftazidime screening test, those shows positive results by screening method were subjected to ESBL confirmatory test using Double-Disk Synergy Test and Molecular base detection using conventional PCR. Out of the 70 collected samples, 58 (82.8%) showed positive isolating result, the highest prevalence of the isolates was K. pneumoniae 36 (62%) followed by E. coli 22 (38%). The most resistance antibiotics against isolates was Ampicillin (98%), ESBL production was detected among 17 out of the 22 isolated E. coli (29.3%) and 26 (44.8%) out of the 36 isolated K. pneumoniae. The ESBL gene encoding the ESBL isolates was CTX-M gene representing 61% fellows by SHV gene (23%) and TEM gene (16%). ESBL-producing bacteria may also be transferred via waste milk to calves, thus further spreading antibiotic resistance in the farm environment.