Prevalence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents in France: Results of a large cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundsDysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological complaint in young women but is overlooked by recent studies. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in adolescents in France and its impact on daily living. MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study conducted between April–May 2019, in eight randomly selected high schools in France. Participants were randomly selected post-menarche girl pupils 15–19 years who completed a 50-item questionnaire. Dysmenorrhea severity was assessed with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Verbal Multidimensional Scoring System Scale (VMSS). ResultsQuestionnaires from 953 girls were analyzed (mean age: 16.9 years). The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 92.9% with 8.9% describing their pain as severe. Impact on quality of life was significant: 43.3% reported school absences because of dysmenorrhea, 74.9% difficulties in attending classes and 77.2% difficulties in sports activities. Risk factors of severe dysmenorrhea in multivariate analysis were heavy menstrual bleeding (OR 2.02, 95%CI [1.12; 3.63] p = 0.0192), early menarche (OR 0.68, 95%CI [0.57; 0.81] p<0.0001), chronic pelvic pain (OR 2.60, 95%CI [1.10; 6.11] p = 0.0274), BMI (BMI<18, OR 1.94, 95%CI [1.03; 3.66] p = 0.0335). Of the 50.4% who had consulted a physician, 45.4% had seen a general practitioner. Among the girls who had not consulted, 55.1% reported that menstruation was a “woman's burden”. ConclusionsDysmenorrhea is highly prevalent in adolescents in France and has a real impact on daily living with social repercussions. As such, it should be treated as a public health problem with educational and information campaigns targeting the girls themselves, their families and healthcare professionals.